Modulation of the El Niño teleconnection to the North Atlantic by the tropical North Atlantic during boreal spring and summer

Abstract. Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can influence the North Atlantic European (NAE) region. ENSO tends to be negatively correlated in winter, while this connection is less clear boreal spring and summer when teleconnection encounters altered background conditions (i.e., a weaker subtropical jet), which modulate signal on way NAE One such region that modulates tropical (TNA). While several mechanisms exist for modulation, we center our analysis Caribbean Walker cells. In order isolate relevant mechanism, force an idealized atmospheric circulation model three different seasonally varying patterns represent event or without of TNA, focusing decaying phase summer. We find spring, TNA primarily through propagating Rossby wave train, summer, TNA's strengthen over sector. Overall, study offers deeper understanding inter-basin interactions cell following central role SSTAs modulating